1. | Legislation on Trademarks | ||
1.1 | International legislation | ||
1.2 | National legislation | ||
2. | Protected Signs | ||
2.1 | Registered signs | ||
2.2 | Unregistered signs | ||
2.3 | Company names/Trade names | ||
3. | Registration of Trademarks | ||
3.1 | Owner | ||
3.2 | Trademark | ||
3.3 | Goods and services | ||
3.4 | Priority | ||
3.5 | Absolute grounds for refusal | ||
3.5.1 | Absolute grounds for refusal | ||
3.5.2 | Signs which cannot constitute a trademark | ||
3.5.3 | No distinctiveness | ||
3.5.4 | Generic signs | ||
3.5.5 | Descriptiveness | ||
3.5.6 | Misleading | ||
3.5.7 | Contrary to morality or public order | ||
3.5.8 | Technical functionality | ||
3.5.9 | Heraldic objects | ||
3.5.10 | High value | ||
3.5.11 | Geographical indications | ||
3.5.12 | Geographical indications for wines and spirits | ||
3.5.13 | Secondary meaning | ||
3.6 | Relative grounds for refusal | ||
3.7 | Term of protection | ||
3.8 | Fees | ||
3.9 | Remedies | ||
3.10 | Flowchart: Registration proceedings | ||
4. | Enforcement | ||
4.1 | Scope of Protection | ||
4.1.1 | Use of a trademark | ||
4.1.2 | Identity of signs and goods/services | ||
4.1.3 | Likelihood of confusion | ||
4.1.4 | Trademarks having reputation | ||
4.2 | Limitations of trademark rights | ||
4.2.1 | Own name defence | ||
4.2.2 | Descriptive use | ||
4.2.3 | Referential use | ||
4.2.4 | Exhaustion | ||
4.2.5 | Comparative advertising | ||
4.3 | Claims for trademark infringement | ||
4.3.1 | Injunction | ||
4.3.1.1 General Rules | |||
4.3.1.2 Preliminary injunction | |||
4.3.2 | Removal/Destruction | ||
4.3.3 | Disclosure of information | ||
4.3.4 | Exaction of evidence | ||
4.3.5 | Monetary claims | ||
4.3.6 | Publication of judgment | ||
4.3.7 | Statute of limitation | ||
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4.4 | Defences | ||
4.5 | Infringement Proceedings | ||
4.5.1 | Civil Proceeding | ||
4.5.2 | Criminal Proceeding | ||
4.5.3 | Border detention measures | ||
5. | Loss of Protection | ||
5.1 | Invalidation | ||
5.1.1 | Absolute and relative grounds | ||
5.1.2 | Bad faith | ||
5.1.3 | Invalidation proceedings | ||
5.2 | Revocation | ||
5.2.1 | Non-use | ||
5.2.2 | Generic trademarks | ||
5.2.3 | Deceptive trademarks | ||
5.2.4 | Registration by agent or another person | ||
5.2.5 | Revocation proceedings | ||
5.3 | Acquiescence | ||
6. | Licences | ||
7. | Securities | ||
8. | Assignment | ||
9. | Changes | ||
10. | Representation | ||
10.1 | Patent Office | ||
10.2 | Courts | ||
