With the recently adopted Tax Amendment Act 2022 the Austrian legislature has introduced a new explicit provision – namely Sec 240 para 4 of the Austrian Federal Fiscal Code – intended to serve as the procedural basis for filing a refund claim with regard to withholding taxes based on the respective applicable tax treaty. The provision will apply as of January 1st, 2023. In this article, Daniel W. Blum and Mario Riedl provide a first overview and critical examination of the newly introduced Sec 240 para 4 of the Austrian Federal Fiscal Code.