1.1 International legislation
The EU is a member of TRIPs (along with all 27 EU member states individually). In practice TRIPs provisions already played a role in decisions of the European instances.
Most importantly, since 1 October 2004 the EU is a member of the Madrid Protocol. Since then the EU can be designated in International Registrations according to the Madrid System as well as such International Registrations can be based on CTMs.
